NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Morphology of Flowering Plants
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Morphology of Flowering Plants covers the external structure and modifications of the root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, and seed in angiosperms.
Overview of Topics & Subtopics (Click to Jump)
1. The Root and the Stem
Short Note:
• Root system: tap root (dicots) or fibrous root (monocots); may show modifications for storage (carrot), support (prop roots in banyan), or respiration (pneumatophores in mangroves).
• Stem: ascending part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, flowers and fruits; may be modified for storage (potato tuber), support (tendrils), or protection (thorns).
2. The Leaf
Short Note:
• A leaf consists of leaf base, petiole and lamina; venation may be reticulate (dicots) or parallel (monocots).
• Leaves may be simple (single, undivided lamina) or compound (lamina divided into leaflets: pinnately or palmately compound).
3. The Flower, Fruit and Seed
Short Note:
• A typical flower has four whorls: Calyx (sepals), Corolla (petals), Androecium (stamens, male reproductive part), and Gynoecium (carpels/pistil, female reproductive part).
• A fruit develops from the ovary after fertilisation, consisting of a wall (pericarp) and seeds; may be fleshy or dry.
• A monocot seed typically has a single cotyledon (with endosperm often present), while a dicot seed has two cotyledons (often non-endospermic).
NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions
(b) Fibrous roots arise from the base of the stem, replacing the short-lived primary root, typically seen in monocots; adventitious roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle, such as stems or leaves.
Read More & Chapter Resources
These short notes are designed for quick revision. Read the main points once, then use the related material below to practise the same chapter. Revising a concept and checking it with questions can make your preparation more focused.